双语教学

Explain of Renal

7.GIF animation of urinary tract lithiasis

The passage of a calculus (stone) through the urinary tract is diagrammed here. Calculi form when there is increased excretion of solutes such as calcium and when urine alkalinity, acidity, stasis, and/or concentration are favorable. The most common varieties of calculi are:

（本图片资料来源自美国犹他大学）